The Deutschland, later renamed Lützow, was a unique "pocket battleship" developed by Germany after World War I.  The Treaty of Versailles limited German warship construction, allowing replacements for older battleships after 20 years, but capped them at 10,000 tons. This led to the innovative Deutschland-class.

"Panzerschiff A," the first of these replacements, became the Deutschland/Lützow.  Germany opted for a cruiser-like design with greater range over a coastal monitor, aiming to disrupt French merchant shipping. The Panzerschiffe were designed to be "faster than stronger enemies" (battleships) and "stronger than faster enemies" (cruisers).

These ships incorporated revolutionary technologies: diesel engines for extended range and welded hulls for weight reduction. Despite the 10,000-ton limit, their actual displacement was closer to 15,000 tons.  All three Panzerschiffe shared a basic design, though superstructures varied.

The Deutschland saw action before and during World War II.  It patrolled before the war and targeted Allied shipping at its outbreak, sinking/capturing only three vessels before being renamed Lützow.  It participated in the invasion of Norway, where it was damaged.  After repairs, it returned to Norway to target Soviet-bound shipping, running aground and requiring further repairs.  It later participated in the Battle of the Barents Sea.

Engine problems plagued the Lützow, requiring numerous repairs.  In 1945, it was sunk by RAF bombers and subsequently used as a gun battery against Soviet forces.  It was disabled by its crew.

Initially, it was believed the Soviets raised and scrapped the wreck.  However, later research revealed it was used for weapons testing in 1947.  The Lützow's story highlights German ingenuity in circumventing treaty restrictions and its unique role in naval warfare.